Yahoo – AFP,
Kyoko Hasegawa, 17 March 2016
 |
New study
results offer some of the first evidence that Alzheimer's disease does not
destroy
specific memories, but rather makes them inaccessible (AFP Photo/Will Oliver)
|
Tokyo (AFP)
- Sufferers of Alzheimer's disease may not have "lost" their
memories, but could simply have difficulty accessing them, say researchers, who
Wednesday unveiled a possible treatment that could one day offer a cure to the
ravages of dementia.
Nobel
Prize-winner Susumu Tonegawa said studies on mice showed that by stimulating
specific areas of the brain with blue light, scientists could make the
creatures recall thoughts that were otherwise unavailable to them.
The results
offer some of the first evidence that Alzheimer's disease does not destroy
specific memories, but rather makes them inaccessible.
"As
humans and mice tend to have a common principle in terms of memory, our
findings suggest that Alzheimer's disease patients, at least in their early
stages, may also keep memories in their brains, which means there may be a
possibility of a cure," Tonegawa told AFP.
Tonegawa's
team used mice that had been genetically modified to exhibit symptoms similar
to those of humans suffering from Alzheimer's disease -- a degenerative brain
condition that affects millions of adults around the world.
The animals
were put in a box which had a low level electrical current passing through the
floor -- giving an unpleasant, but not dangerous, shock to their feet.
An
unaffected mouse that is returned to the same box 24 hours later freezes in
fear, anticipating the same nasty sensation.
Mice with
Alzheimer's do not, suggesting they have no recollection of the experience.
But when
researchers stimulated targeted areas of the animal's brains -- the
"engram cells" associated with memory -- using a blue light, they
appeared to recall the shock.
The same
result was noted even when placing the creatures in a different box during
stimulation, suggesting the memory had been retained and was being reactivated.
Synaptic
connections
By
examining the physical structure of the mice's brains, researchers noted that
those affected with Alzheimer's-like conditions had fewer "spines" --
conduits through which synaptic connections are formed.
 |
New study
results offer some of the first evidence that Alzheimer's disease does not
destroy specific memories, but rather makes them inaccessible (AFP Photo/John
Saeki)
|
Via
repeated light stimulation they were able to increase the number of spines to
levels indistinguishable from those in normal mice, resulting in their
exhibiting the freezing behaviour seen in the original box.
"The
mice's memories were retrieved through a natural cue," Tonegawa said,
referring to the box that initially triggered the freezing behaviour.
"This
means that symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in mice were cured, at least in
their early stages."
The
research, carried out by the RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics, is
among the first to prove that recall -- rather than memory -- is the problem,
Japan-based RIKEN said.
"It's
good news for Alzheimer's disease patients," centre director Tonegawa, who
won the 1987 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine, told AFP by telephone
from his office in Massachusetts.
The optical
stimulation of brain cells -- a technique called "optogenetics" --
involves inserting a special gene into neurons to make them sensitive to blue
light, and then stimulating specific parts of the brain.
Optogenetics
has previously been used in psychotherapeutic treatments for mental illnesses
such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Tonegawa
said the research on mice offered hope for a future treatment for Alzheimer's
disease, a condition that accounts for about 70 percent of the 47.5 million
people around the world suffering from dementia, figures that are expected to
increase as developed countries such as Japan grow older.
But he
cautioned more work was yet to be done.
"Early-stage
Alzheimer's may be cured in the future should a new technology that meets
ethical and safety conditions for treating humans be developed," he said.
The
research is published in the Britain-based science journal Nature.
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#NEWSGRAPHIC Alzheimer's 'lost' memories may be recoverable: studyhttps://t.co/BgckHEj3ui pic.twitter.com/u0Cnzqu8D3— AFP news agency (@AFP) March 17, 2016
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Answer: I will answer the second part first. Love those who are in this condition. Find out what makes them smile... and then make them smile. The best you can do in a facilitation of this condition is to somehow create joy. Even in their confusion they can laugh at situations and be creative. They'll also remember you better as the one who creates this emotion. Each is very different, but in general, try to find their "happy" button and push it as often as you can. They will remember that.
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So someday these will have the ability to halt the progress of the degeneration of cells that are being taken, and instead grow new pathways around them. Some will be able to "reconnect" to certain kinds of memories (like recognition) but will have to relearn what the association of recognition actually means. So history and events might have to be studied and relearned... sometimes even things like reading, also. The pain will be that the individual will regain mental health and will realize exactly what has happened.
Your stem-cell research is very important, and you're reaching a point where you'll be able to use birth cells that aren't embryonic, but every bit as potent for research... thereby sidestepping all moral issues. Look for this in the next few years.
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